From Kenneth Burke's
A Grammar of Motives:
Men may violently disagree about the purposes behind a given act, or about the character of the person who did it, or how he did it, or in what situation he acted; or they may even insist upon totally different words to name the act itself. But be that as it may, any complete statement about motives will offer some kind of answers to these five questions: what was done (act), when or where it was done (scene), who did it (agent), how he did it (agency), and why (purpose).
Attempting to decipher a writer's purpose is travel on uncertain ground, of course, but providing the answer to readers' plaintive, "Why?" is the business of literary critics, no? So travel they must, some mincing, some going boldly, all giving literature their spin.
As I mentioned to D.W. (a favorite correspondent and the blogger at "
A Circle of Quiet"), I tend to be a little wary of lit-crit that looks at or through the author — his struggles, personality, life, etc. — as a sole means to the work. While there is value in knowing about the author, to be sure, it's a bit like building a house on a sand dune to examine a piece of fiction primarily through its author's biography.
Just what do we need to know about
Jane Austen,
Stephen King, George Elliot, or Olivia Ann Burns to read
Pride and Prejudice,
The Stand,
Middlemarch, or
Cold Sassy Tree? In fact, how many of us were very nearly turned off so-called "serious literature" (not that all of the aforementioned titles qualify for this dubious distinction), or even reading itself, by the soul-deadening "This-author-was-born-in-England-in-yadda-yadda" approach Mrs. Grimm the high school English teacher employed when introducing us to fiction, poetry, drama?
ARGH!
All hail the teacher who can lead his or her students to books in some way,
any way other than this because anything, even, yes! rap! or, yes! abridgements! or, yes! seeing a film version! or
ANYTHING, anything
not this would be better.
Listen to this…Or,
When I first read this, I thought…Or,
What use is this book to me? you might wonder. Well, I don't know, but maybe you'll connect with…Or,
How differently we use language now, yet how similar some of our experiences are to those of the characters in…You get the idea.
[Collecting myself. Straightening the bib on my overalls. Gulping some coffee.]

My message about literary criticism followed an entry in which D.W. wrote, in part, "Tell me what you like about
[The Picture of] Dorian Gray." This was directed to and answered by another of her correspondents, but I felt the pull to respond, too.
Wordsmithery. Mental agility. Finely crafted sentences, some wicked, some wise, some wickedly wise, some wisely wicked, sentences that make. me. think. That's why
I "like" Wilde's
The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Listen:
Always! That is a dreadful word. It makes me shudder when I hear it. Women are so fond of using it. They spoil every romance by trying to make it last for ever. It is a meaningless word too. The only difference between a caprice and a life-long passion is that the caprice lasts a little longer.
Hear:
Words! Mere words! How terrible they were! How clear, and vivid, and cruel! One could not escape from them. And yet what a subtle magic there was in them! They seemed to be able to give a plastic form to formless things, and to have a music of their own as sweet as that of viol or of lute. Mere words! Was there anything so real as words?
Remember:
There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written. That is all.
Yes, that is all.
Then, maybe not.
In any event, it's the words. The sentences. And the magic that weaves those discrete parts into passages we want to press into our chapbooks.
That's what there is to "like" about a book.
If "like" is even the right word.
What in this book speaks to you? might be a better question.
Why is this one a text to which you return?Why is this on your students' reading list?What pleasure or value do you derive from this book?What did you learn about yourself? About others? About living? About the nature of being human?The text should stand alone, I wrote to my virtual friend, noting that all of the observations about Oscar Wilde's character, while compelling (and exquisitely rendered in, for example,
Richard Ellman's biography), do not alter the message of the text itself.
On revisiting this, I'd amend that slightly: The text
can stand alone. If only we let it.
In the case of the inventor of the human, for example, it all but does stand alone. After all, we know next to nothing about Shakespeare. Some scholars even doubt that it was he who penned
the secular scripture.
Yet, do we
ever doubt the power of the text? The meaning it gives to our reading lives? The definition it offers to our unspoken thoughts? The color it adds to the chambers of our imaginations?
No, no, no, and no again!
The clock says I must bring this all home, yet I find I have so much more to say. Words, books, writers. Ah, the reading life. For a feeble conclusion, then, I offer this: The reviews that prove most helpful to me are those that explore a work's strengths and weaknesses
sans too many asides about the author's interest in wrestling or her prolificacy or his previous novel. Not that the author's interest in wrestling, her prolificacy, and his previous novel have no value, mind you. Just that a writer's eating disorder, dysfunctional family, or dearth of novels since the sixties are not foremost in this reader's mind when presented with the promise of new text.
No, it's the words.
For was there anything so real as words?
Related entriesThe recommended daily allowance (9.6.2004)The recommended daily allowance (9.20.2004)
Oscar Wilde (10.27.2004)Added later...I.K., who blogs at the M-mv-recommended blog "
Magnificent Octopus" writes, in part:
Your post really touched a nerve with me. It's so rare that we -- I mean "the critics" and the professors I had -- allow a text to stand on its own. Sure, biographical detail can enhance one's understanding of the context, motivation, etc., but it doesn't make a work any better (or worse).
Your post reminds me of Doris Lessing's preface to The Golden Notebook. (I wrote about the preface here.) The preface has so many quotable bits relevant to HOW to read and relate to a book. (I only just finished reading the book this morning and hope to write more about it in the next few days. And I didn't fail to notice that the book is top of the pile in your sidebar photo -- I wonder how significant it is to you.)
Your post gives me courage to allow myself to respond to the book, through MY eyes, its meaning in MY life.
Happy to oblige, I.K. Thank you for your note.
Hey!"Mental multivitamin" appears on
the Newsweek site today.
The affiliate program has become ubiquitous; everyone and his mother now features links and subtle (or not so) requests that visitors buy using their links. That is the nature of business, of course. Our only recourse is to thank you for your business and your loyalty. "Mental multivitamin" has never been about making money, but the money we do make helps.